Agricultural Biotechnology, Politics, Ethics, and Policy
نویسندگان
چکیده
T he aim of this chapter is to address the policy, regulatory, and ethical issues surrounding agricultural biotechnology. The chapter provides background on the shaping of policy and on regulatory frameworks within the European Union and the United States, among others, as well as outlining the global framework in which all countries have to operate. In addition it summarizes the United Nations–led initiative to assist developing countries to implement biosafety frameworks devised by a specific country for that country. The chapter also highlights the ongoing debate in the areas of environmental protection, public perception and acceptance, and intellectual property rights. The most important reason for addressing the policies of the European Union and the United States on genetically modified organisms rather than the policies of other nations is that they are very different in concept—although in practice, once the regulatory system has been triggered their formal treatment of such organisms is very much the same. The introduction of a new technology such as agricultural biotechnology may depend on the perceived balance between the benefits of the technology and the potential risks to the environment and human health. This chapter aims to put forward the arguments and issues related to the potential benefits of agricultural biotechnology against a background of perceived risks, but it does not seek to provide the answers.
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